Esra Yalazan<\/p>\n
Bir s\u00fcredir ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m k\u00f6yde a\u011fa\u00e7larla sohbet ediyorum. Ama en \u00e7ok birka\u00e7 as\u0131rd\u0131r k\u00f6y\u00fcn n\u00f6betini tutan zeytin a\u011fac\u0131m\u0131 \u015f\u0131mart\u0131yorum. Zeytin b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n ilkidir. \u0130lk dua, ilk \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131k, ilk \u00f6p\u00fc\u015fme, ilk a\u015fk, ilk ac\u0131 kadar ‘kutsald\u0131r’. Bilinen ilk zeytin koruma kanunu, Solon Kanunlar\u0131’yd\u0131. Zeytine zarar verenler \u00f6l\u00fcme kadar varan \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r cezalara \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Ben a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n ve ta\u015flar\u0131n insan\u0131n bize anlatt\u0131klar\u0131ndan daha fazlas\u0131na sahip olduklar\u0131na inananlardan\u0131m. \u015eeffaf bir yapra\u011f\u0131n tenindeki k\u0131lcal damarlara, kabuklar\u0131 pul pul kabaran ihtiyar bir g\u00f6vdeye, a\u011flayan \u0131lg\u0131nlar\u0131n huzmelerle parlayan sar\u0131 tozlar\u0131na, kim bilir hangi ak\u0131nt\u0131larla s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmi\u015f bi\u00e7imsiz ta\u015flara durduk yerde hazine bulmu\u015f gibi baka kalmam bundand\u0131r..<\/p>\n
Bir s\u00fcredir ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m k\u00f6yde a\u011fa\u00e7larla sohbet ediyorum. Onlar\u0131n hikayelerine can katmak i\u00e7in h\u0131\u015f\u0131rt\u0131lar\u0131na ne\u015feli bir \u0131sl\u0131kla, garip m\u0131r\u0131lt\u0131larla, bazen de kederli bir melodiyle e\u015flik etti\u011fim oluyor. Ama en \u00e7ok birka\u00e7 as\u0131rd\u0131r k\u00f6y\u00fcn n\u00f6betini tutan zeytin a\u011fac\u0131m\u0131 \u015f\u0131mart\u0131yorum. Sabahlar\u0131 yan\u0131na gidip iri g\u00f6vdesindeki oyuklara boynunu usulca ok\u015far gibi parmaklar\u0131m\u0131 sokuyorum. Art\u0131k onunla hi\u00e7 kimsenin bozamayaca\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flam ve sayg\u0131l\u0131 bir ili\u015fkimiz var. Tecr\u00fcbelerine, sessiz hat\u0131ralar\u0131na h\u00fcrmet etti\u011fimi hissedebildi\u011fini biliyorum. Sabah\u0131n taze \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131yla tebess\u00fcm eden g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fi yapraklar\u0131n\u0131n titremesinden anl\u0131yorum. Bir de insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tarih boyunca onunla kurdu\u011fu o kadim ili\u015fkiden tabii.<\/p>\n
Farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerde ve d\u00f6nemlerde kutsal kabul edilen a\u011fa\u00e7lar her zaman insan\u0131n kaderi ve ya\u015famsal d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcyle ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015f. A\u011fa\u00e7 en ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri iktidar\u0131n ve tanr\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kainat\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn de tezah\u00fcr\u00fc kabul edildi. Tahtadan ate\u015f yapan insan, a\u011fa\u00e7lardan elde ettikleriyle de beslenmeyi \u00f6\u011frendi. Re\u00e7ineyi t\u00fcts\u00fcye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeyi ke\u015ffetti. \u00d6nce varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na minnet duydu, ona \u00f6lesiye tapt\u0131, kutsal kitaplardaki hikayelerini sevdi, farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerde \u2018hayat a\u011fac\u0131\u2019 dedi, binlerce y\u0131l ona mistik inan\u00e7larla ba\u011fland\u0131 ve sonunda modern hayat\u0131n vah\u015fi dayatmalar\u0131yla ormanlar\u0131 yok ederek hayatta kalabilece\u011fine inanma budalal\u0131\u011f\u0131na eri\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Peki kainat\u0131 sembolize eden, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n dire\u011fi kabul edilen a\u011fa\u00e7la ya\u015famsal ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koparan insan hayata devam edebilir mi? Milyarlarca y\u0131ld\u0131r kendini yenileyen tabiat\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z g\u00fcc\u00fcne boyun e\u011fmeden onun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olabilir mi?<\/p>\n
Benzeri sorular\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k iki bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce soran Seneca, Yunan felsefesini kendine g\u00f6re yorumlayan, merak etmekten hi\u00e7 vazge\u00e7meyen bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Roma\u2019da iktidarlar taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f, \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Ve nihayetinde saray ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kendisine uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn mallar\u0131n\u0131 imparatora b\u0131rak\u0131p prestijli g\u00f6revinden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. \u0130.S 61- 65 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131, yedi kitaptan olu\u015fan \u2018Do\u011fa Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131\u2019, depremler, y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mlar, \u015fim\u015fekler, r\u00fczgarlar, bulutlar, g\u00f6ksel \u0131\u015f\u0131k ve su kaynaklar\u0131 gibi muhtelif tabiat hadiselerini kendisinden \u00f6nceki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin tezleriyle birlikte tekrar yorumlam\u0131\u015f. Kitab\u0131n\u0131 adad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dostu Lucilius\u2019 a y\u00f6nelik ahlak dersleri onu klasik stoac\u0131lardan farkl\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131yor. Yani do\u011fan\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015fini insan\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131na sirayet etti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ona g\u00f6re do\u011fay\u0131 incelemek \u2018tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u2019 i\u015flerini ara\u015ft\u0131rmak ve onlar\u0131 \u00f6vmek anlam\u0131na da geliyor. B\u00f6ylece kutsal\u0131n hakikatini kavrayan insan, maddi d\u00fcnyay\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcms\u00fcyor ve kendi k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yok etmeyi \u00f6\u011freniyor.<\/p>\n
Bu t\u0131ls\u0131ml\u0131 kitab\u0131, bug\u00fcnden ge\u00e7mi\u015fe uzanan \u00e7ak\u0131l ta\u015fl\u0131 bir yoldan ge\u00e7erek okuyunca neden \u00f6l\u00fcmden korkmamak gerekti\u011fine dair tuhaf bir sezgiyle \u00fcrperiyor insan. Ama san\u0131r\u0131m Seneca\u2019n\u0131n esas murad etti\u011fi tabiat\u0131n mucizevi hereketleriyle insan\u0131n kendini ke\u015ffetmesini sa\u011flamak: \u201cNesnelerin do\u011fas\u0131, kendimizi g\u00f6rebilmemiz i\u00e7in bize kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flar. Berrak bir kaynak veya p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz bir ta\u015f bize g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc yans\u0131t\u0131r. \u2018K\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce k\u0131y\u0131da g\u00f6rd\u00fcm kendimi, r\u00fczgars\u0131z deniz durgunken (Vergilius)\u2019. B\u00f6yle bir ayna \u00f6n\u00fcnde giyenen insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsun? Bu \u00e7a\u011f olduk\u00e7a basittir ve f\u0131rsatlarla doludur. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n yine de l\u00fctfu k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmemi\u015f veyahut do\u011fan\u0131n bir bulu\u015funu ahlaks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve \u015fatafat\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc emellerine alet etmemi\u015ftir\u201d.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk a\u015fk, ilk dua, ilk ac\u0131…<\/p>\n
Halbuki bakmay\u0131 bilen i\u00e7in zeytin a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131, uzun s\u00fcren hayat\u0131, g\u00fcc\u00fc, direnci, ma\u011frur ve m\u00fctevaz\u0131 duru\u015fuyla insana dair ne \u00e7ok hikaye anlat\u0131r. Zeytin b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n ilkidir. \u0130lk dua, ilk \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131k, ilk \u00f6p\u00fc\u015fme, ilk a\u015fk, ilk bak\u0131\u015fma, ilk ac\u0131 kadar \u2018kutsald\u0131r\u2019. Sadece b\u00fct\u00fcn semavi dinlerde farkl\u0131 hikayelere konu oldu\u011fundan de\u011fil, insana saf kalmay\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmemeyi, sadeli\u011fi, akl\u0131 tanr\u0131sal bir kudretle g\u00f6sterebildi\u011fi i\u00e7in de k\u0131ymetlidir.<\/p>\n
Tarihteki bilinen ilk zeytin koruma kanunu, Solon Kanunlar\u0131\u2019yd\u0131. Zeytine zarar verenler \u00f6l\u00fcme kadar varan \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r cezalara \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu. Eski Yunan\u2019da sadece ve iyi d\u00fcr\u00fcst insanlar zeytincilik yapabiliyordu. Biz bug\u00fcn, m\u00fccevher gibi \u0131\u015f\u0131ldayan k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n bah\u015fedildi\u011fi bir \u00fclkede, \u2018zeytin arazilerinin maden aramalar\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131laca\u011f\u0131\u2019 bir yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz. \u0130ktidar\u0131n bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 kendisinin de tabiat\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlayamayacak kadar s\u0131\u011f \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc. Tarih boyunca da \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n
Biliyor musunuz, Yunan mitolojisinde tanr\u0131\u00e7a Athena\u2019n\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmesi i\u00e7in zeytin a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6rmesi gerekiyormu\u015f. Ben zeytin a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmezsem \u00f6lmem herhalde ama her sabah bah\u00e7emde ayd\u0131nl\u0131k bak\u0131\u015f\u0131yla beni selamlayan zeytinimin \u0131l\u0131k, kunt g\u00f6vdesini kucaklamay\u0131 seviyorum. G\u00fcven veriyor. Bazen \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p m\u00fcnasebetsiz hayallere d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyorum. Geceleri y\u0131ld\u0131zlara isim takarken antik \u00e7a\u011fdaki dinsel t\u00f6renlerde zeytinya\u011f\u0131yla parlak bedenlerini ovan kad\u0131nlar, sa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 tarayan erkekler g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n
Sonra yine Homeros\u2019u d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Onun destanlar\u0131, Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki zeytin a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 benzersiz tasvirlerle kutsar. E\u011fer benim gibi Ege a\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131ysan\u0131z, bir zeytin a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n serin g\u00f6lgesinde oturup Homeros\u2019un kula\u011f\u0131n\u0131za f\u0131s\u0131ldad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 mutlaka duyars\u0131n\u0131z: \u201cHerkese aidim ve kimseye ait de\u011filim, siz gelmeden \u00f6ncede buradayd\u0131m, siz gittikten sonra da burada olaca\u011f\u0131m.\u201d<\/p>\n
Seneca\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc insan\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131yla birlikte adad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tabiat da \u00f6yledir. \u2018O\u2019, tanr\u0131sal kudretiyle biz gittikten sonra da burada olacak. Bizden sonra gelecek olanlar\u0131 kucaklayabilmek, onlar\u0131 kendi k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin do\u011fas\u0131ndan koruyabilmek i\u00e7in. Sonra bir g\u00fcn bir k\u0131rlang\u0131\u00e7 c\u0131l\u0131z bir zeytin dal\u0131na konacak ve bu hikaye yeni kahramanlar\u0131yla ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc anlat\u0131lacak. Hep yeniden…<\/p>\n
Do\u011fa Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131\/ Seneca \/ \u00e7eviren: C. Cengiz \u00c7evik\/ Jaguar Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k<\/em><\/p>\n Esra Yalazan<\/p>\n
![\"EsraYalazan\"](\"http:\/\/www.olive.info.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/EsraYalazan.jpeg\")
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