{"id":409,"date":"2014-07-18T22:48:41","date_gmt":"2014-07-18T19:48:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.olive.info.tr\/?p=409"},"modified":"2014-07-18T22:51:51","modified_gmt":"2014-07-18T19:51:51","slug":"ramazanin-isikli-rengi-mahyalar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.olive.info.tr\/?p=409","title":{"rendered":"Ramazan\u2019\u0131n I\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 Rengi \u201cMahyalar\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 $\"mahya3\"$ $\"mahya2\"$ <\/a><\/p>\n

Mahya eski k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fczde\u00a0Ramazan\u0131n habercisi olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Bir Ramazan mu\u015ftusu olarak M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara \u0131\u015f\u0131lt\u0131l\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcyle tebess\u00fcm etmi\u015ftir \u00e2deta\u2026 Mahya gelene\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde pek ustas\u0131 kalmasa da h\u00e2l\u00e2 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettiriyor. Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u00f6nem verilmi\u015f ve ihmal edilmemi\u015ftir. Bu gelene\u011fin amac\u0131, yaz\u0131lan yaz\u0131larla Allah\u2019a \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr yan\u0131nda, insanlar\u0131 iyili\u011fe y\u00f6neltmek, sevaplara te\u015fvik etmek ve \u00e7ocuklara ramazan ay\u0131n\u0131 sevdirmektir. Her gece de\u011fi\u015fik mahya kurmak i\u00e7in yar\u0131\u015fan ve tasar\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 gizli tutan mahyac\u0131lar\u0131n o ak\u015fam ne yazacaklar\u0131n\u0131 halk b\u00fcy\u00fck merakla beklerdi. Hatta ilk kandillerin halata sal\u0131verilmesiyle tahminlerde bulunmaya da ba\u015flan\u0131rm\u0131\u015f\u2026<\/p>\n

Mahy\u00e2, \u00f6zellikle Ramazan ay\u0131nda birden fazla minaresi olan camilerin iki minaresi aras\u0131na konulan \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131d\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131lar d\u00f6neminde ya\u011f kandilleri ile yap\u0131lan mahyalar, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde elektrik ampulleri ile yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ramazan aylar\u0131nda camilerin minareleri aras\u0131na gerilen \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131 \u015feritlerine \u201cMahya\u201d, bu yaz\u0131lar\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan sanat\u00e7\u0131ya da \u201cMahyac\u0131\u201d denir. Eskiden mahyac\u0131l\u0131k, b\u00fcy\u00fck ustal\u0131k isteyen ger\u00e7ek bir sanat dal\u0131yd\u0131. Bu alanda yeti\u015fmi\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck ustalar, yerlerini alacak olan \u00e7\u0131raklara bu i\u015fin b\u00fct\u00fcn inceliklerini \u00f6\u011fretirlerdi. Eskiden b\u00fcy\u00fck camilerin, iki minaresi aras\u0131na ip veya teller gerilir, mahya ustas\u0131 da, genellikle zeytinya\u011f<\/span> doldurulmu\u015f kandilleri veya mumlu fenerleri ipin \u00fczerine dizerek istedi\u011fi yaz\u0131y\u0131 yazar, hatta resimler de yapard\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn Ramazan boyu bu kandiller, r\u00fczg\u00e2ra ra\u011fmen geceleri p\u0131r\u0131l p\u0131r\u0131l yanard\u0131. Camilerin elektrikle ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan sonra, mahyac\u0131l\u0131k kolayla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve ayr\u0131 bir sanat olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kandil yerine renkli elektrik ampulleriyle ve yeni yaz\u0131yla mahya kurma gelene\u011fi bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda minarelerde kandil yakma gelene\u011fi yayg\u0131nken, mahyac\u0131l\u0131k \u0130stanbul\u2019a \u00f6zg\u00fc bir sanat olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun nedeni, padi\u015fahlar\u0131n yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki, d\u00f6rt, alt\u0131 minareli \u201cSel\u00e2tin Camiler\u201din bu \u015fehirde olmas\u0131yd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc mahya i\u00e7in en az iki minarenin bulunmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda T\u00fcrklere, \u00f6zellikle de \u0130stanbul\u2019da ya\u015fayanlara \u00f6zg\u00fc bir sanat olarak geli\u015fen mahyac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kaybolmaya y\u00fcz tutmu\u015f d\u00f6rt y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k bir gelene\u011fi var. Eski \u0130stanbul ramazanlar\u0131, halk\u0131n m\u00fczik ve edebiyatla, ziyafet, e\u011flence ve g\u00f6steri sanatlar\u0131yla kayna\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131; imparatorluk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn inceli\u011fiyle g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serildi\u011fi g\u00f6rkemli bir atmosferde ya\u015fan\u0131yordu. Bu co\u015fkulu \u00e2lemi, kalplerdeki heyecandan g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne dek geni\u015fleten sembol\u00fc ise mahyalard\u0131. G\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131n\u0131; \u015fehr\u00e2yin, donanma geceleri ve mehtap gezintileri gibi g\u00fczelliklerle zenginle\u015ftiren bir kentin ramazan gecelerini de mahyalar ve kandillerle renklendirmesi do\u011fald\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130LK MAHYA<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/b>Rivayete g\u00f6re, 1614 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fatih Camii m\u00fcezzinlerinden Hattat Haf\u0131z Ahmet Kefev\u00ee, iki minare aras\u0131na ortas\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7ok sanatk\u00e2r\u00e2ne bir resim i\u015fler ve resmi zaman\u0131n padi\u015fah\u0131 Sultan I. Ahmed\u2019e hediye eder. Padi\u015fah, \u00e7ok ho\u015funa giden bu hediyeden ilhamla ve d\u00een\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmlere uygun olmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla Ramazan gecelerinde minareler aras\u0131na resimdeki gibi mahyalar kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 irade buyurur. \u0130lk defa 1617 Ramazan\u2019\u0131nda yeni tamamlanan Sultanahmet Camii\u2019nde tatbik edilen bu yenilik, sonraki y\u0131llarda bir Ramazan gelene\u011fi h\u00e2lini al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1723 Ramazan\u2019\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn sel\u00e2tin camilerinde mahya kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in irade \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f; hatta minare boyu k\u0131sa olan Ey\u00fcp Camii\u2019ne yeniden iki \u015ferefeli iki minare yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ferman buyrulmu\u015ftur. Vak\u0131f kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda XVIII. asra kadar mahya kurmak suretiyle minarelerin tezyini hakk\u0131nda herhangi bir d\u00fczenlemeye rastlanmaz. \u0130lk kez 1724\u2019te Sultan III. Ahmed taraf\u0131ndan Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131\u2019nda yapt\u0131r\u0131lan k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin vakf\u0131nda, dokuz bin ak\u00e7e tahsisiyle Ayasofya\u2019da mahya tesisine dair emr-i \u015ferif kayd\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

MAHYA YAZILARI<\/b><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde mahyada en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan yaz\u0131lar \u015funlard\u0131:\u00a0\u201c\u0130nn\u00e2 fetahn\u00e2 leke fethan m\u00fcbin\u00e2\u201d, Ya Gan\u00ee, Ya Mabud, Ya K\u00e2f\u00ee, Ya \u015e\u00e2f\u00ee, Ya Ker\u00eem, Ma\u015fallah, Tebarekallah, Bismillah, Leyle-i Kadir,\u00a0<\/i>son gecelerdeEl-Firak<\/i>\u00a0ve \u201cElveda\u201d,<\/i>\u00a0Balkan sava\u015flar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde ise \u201cHil\u00e2l-i Ahmeri Unutma<\/i>\u201d ve \u201cVatan\u0131 Sevmek \u0130mandand\u0131r<\/i>\u201d yaz\u0131lar\u0131 as\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, ayr\u0131ca Fetih Suresinin ilk ayetleri de yaz\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/b><\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise daha \u00e7ok: \u201cMerhaba Ya \u015eehr-i Ramazan<\/i>\u201d, \u201cOru\u00e7 Tut S\u0131hhat Bul<\/i>\u201d, \u201cHo\u015fgeldin Ya \u015eehr-i Ramazan<\/i>\u201d, \u201cOn Bir Ay\u0131n Sultan\u0131<\/i>\u201d, \u201cZek\u00e2t Mal\u0131 Art\u0131r\u0131r<\/i>\u201d, \u201c\u015eefaat Ya Rasulallah<\/i>\u201d, \u201cLa \u0130lahe \u0130llallah<\/i>\u201d, \u201cElveda Ya \u015eehr-i Ramazan<\/i>\u201d, her y\u0131l 29 May\u0131sta \u201cY\u00fcce Fatih Ruhun \u015ead Olsun<\/i>\u201d \u00a0mahyas\u0131 kurulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"